![]() Įxpansion of individual energy into cosmic energy is called prāṇāyāma ( prāṇa, energy + ayām, expansion). The first three meanings have to do with "length", "expansion, extension", and "stretching, extending", but in the specific case of use in the compound prāṇāyāma he defines āyāmaḥ as meaning "restrain, control, stopping". ![]() Apte's definition of āyāmaḥ derives it from ā + yām and provides several variant meanings for it when used in compounds. ![]() There are other processes of prāṇāyāma besides this three-step model. This technical definition refers to a particular system of breath control with three processes as explained by Bhattacharyya: pūrak (to take the breath inside), kumbhak (to retain it), and rechak (to discharge it). Monier-Williams defines the compound prāṇāyāma as "of the three 'breath-exercises' performed during Saṃdhyā ( See pūrak, rechak (English: retch or throw out), kumbhak". Monier-Williams defined Pranayama in terms of the elements of Kumbhaka
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